The Definitive Guide to the +97 Country Code Prefix: Calling, Travel, and Business in the Middle East & Asia for Americans

Introduction: Cracking the Code on “+97”

 

A common query for many Americans begins with a simple question: “What country is country code 97?” The answer, however, is more nuanced than a single location. The international country code +97 does not belong to any specific country on its own. Instead, it serves as a prefix for a series of three-digit codes assigned by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) to a group of nations primarily located in Western and Central Asia. Understanding this distinction is the first step in navigating international calls, planning travel, or exploring business ventures in this dynamic region.  

The +97x series is part of the larger Zone 9 in the global telephone numbering plan. This block includes eight distinct countries and territories, each with its own unique code:

• +970: Palestine
• +971: United Arab Emirates
• +972: Israel
• +973: Bahrain
• +974: Qatar
• +975: Bhutan
• +976: Mongolia
• +977: Nepal.  

This report serves as the ultimate resource for Americans who have received a call from a +97x number, are planning travel to the region, or are investigating the significant business and investment opportunities these nations offer. It provides a comprehensive guide to each country, focusing on practical information for safe and effective engagement. This includes detailed instructions for international calling, official visa requirements for U.S. citizens, crucial alerts on prevalent phone scams, and an in-depth analysis of high-value investment landscapes.

 

Section 1: The Critical Difference: International Country Codes vs. US Area Codes & The Phone Scam Epidemic

 

A primary source of confusion and anxiety for many Americans stems from the similarity between three-digit international country codes and domestic U.S. area codes. This overlap is frequently exploited by scammers who use a technique called “spoofing” to manipulate the caller ID, making an international call appear to be from a local number, or vice versa. The goal is to deceive recipients into answering a call they might otherwise ignore, or to trick them into calling back a premium-rate international number.  

The most significant point of confusion involves the +970, +971, and +972 country codes and their numerically identical U.S. area code counterparts. A call from a number beginning with 972 could originate from Dallas, Texas, or it could be an international call from Israel. This ambiguity creates a powerful opportunity for fraudsters, who capitalize on the recipient’s uncertainty to perpetrate scams. The existence of well-documented scams originating from the Dallas  

972 area code, combined with the global nature of international call-back scams, means that a call from any 97x number warrants a high degree of caution.  

 

How to Identify the Origin of a Call

 

The most critical indicator of an international call is the plus sign (+) that precedes the country code. When dialing internationally from a mobile phone, the + symbol replaces the U.S. exit code (011). Scammers often omit this symbol in fraudulent text messages to make the number look like a domestic one, increasing the potential for confusion. If you receive an unexpected call or text from a number starting with  

970, 971, or 972, it is essential to first determine if it is international or domestic before taking any action.

 

Common Scam Tactics (The “Why”)

 

Scammers rely on creating a sense of urgency and fear to manipulate their victims into acting without thinking. Common tactics associated with both international and spoofed domestic numbers include:

• Impersonating Government Officials: Callers frequently pretend to be from law enforcement or federal agencies like the DEA, FBI, or a local Sheriff’s Department. They may claim you have an outstanding warrant or owe taxes and threaten arrest, fines, or deportation if you do not pay immediately.  
• Fake Prize and Lottery Winnings: A caller may inform you that you have won a lottery or been “selected” for a prize, but you must first pay a fee to claim it. A legitimate prize never requires a payment.  
• Fraudulent Immigration and Job Offers: The rise of legitimate residency-by-investment programs, such as the UAE’s Golden Visa, has led to a parallel increase in sophisticated scams. Fraudsters create fake websites and use platforms like WhatsApp to promise “guaranteed” visas or high-paying jobs in exchange for large upfront fees.  
• Demanding Specific Payment Methods: A universal red flag is the insistence on payment through methods that are difficult to trace and reverse. Scammers will demand payment via wire transfer (like Western Union or MoneyGram), gift cards, or cryptocurrency. No legitimate government agency or business will ever demand payment in this manner.  

 

Reporting and Protection

 

If you receive a suspicious call, do not provide any personal or financial information. If you have been victimized by a scam, it is crucial to report it to the proper authorities.

• U.S. Federal Agencies: Report all instances of fraud to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) at its official reporting website, reportfraud.ftc.gov. You should also file a complaint with the FBI’s Internet Crime Complaint Center at ic3.gov. While these agencies cannot resolve individual cases, your report helps them build cases against scammers.  
• Financial Recourse: If you have paid a scammer, contact your bank or credit card company immediately to report the fraudulent charge and request a reversal. If you paid with a gift card or wire transfer, contact the issuing company, though recovering funds may be difficult.  
• Do Not Call Registry: To reduce telemarketing calls, ensure your number is on the National Do Not Call Registry. Legitimate companies are legally required to honor this list; calls that ignore it are likely fraudulent.  

 

Section 2: A Deep Dive into the +97x Nations: A Guide for US Citizens

 

This section provides a detailed breakdown of each of the eight nations within the +97x country code block, offering practical information tailored for American citizens.

 

Country Code +971: Your Comprehensive Guide to the United Arab Emirates (UAE)

 

The United Arab Emirates is a federation of seven emirates on the Arabian Peninsula, known for its futuristic cities, global business hubs, and vast energy reserves.

 

Calling the UAE from the USA

 

To place a call to the UAE from the United States, follow this dialing sequence:

1. Dial 011 (the U.S. exit code).
2. Dial 971 (the UAE country code).
3. Dial the 1-digit area code.
4. Dial the 7-digit phone number.  

For example, a complete call would look like this: 011 + 971 + X + XXX XXXX. Given the significant time difference, it is advisable to plan calls during UAE business hours (e.g., 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM GST), which corresponds to early morning hours in the United States. For instance, 9:00 AM in Dubai is 1:00 AM EST.  

 

Travel & Visa Requirements for US Citizens

 

U.S. citizens traveling for tourism do not need to arrange a visa in advance. A visa allowing a stay of up to 90 days is issued upon arrival at the airport.  

Key entry requirements for U.S. citizens include:

• A regular passport signed by the bearer, valid for at least six months from the expected date of arrival in the UAE.
• A confirmed round-trip airline ticket or a ticket to another destination.  

For non-tourist travel, such as for diplomatic or sponsored work purposes, a visa must be requested through the official sponsor (e.g., a U.S. consulate or a UAE government entity) prior to travel.  

 

Scam Alert: Protecting Yourself from +971 Scams

 

The UAE’s status as a global hub for business and immigration makes it a prime origin for sophisticated scams targeting Americans.

• Immigration and Job Scams: A prevalent form of fraud involves scammers promising “guaranteed” UAE Golden Visas or high-paying jobs. These operations often use WhatsApp and Telegram, create professional-looking websites with official logos, and pressure victims into paying large upfront fees for services that are never rendered.  
• U.S. Embassy Phone Spoofing: The U.S. Mission in the UAE has issued alerts about fraudsters spoofing the embassy’s official phone number (02-414-2200) to demand money for fictitious consular services. The embassy has clarified it never makes such calls.  
• General Phishing and Vishing: As in many countries, callers may impersonate banks or other official entities to trick individuals into revealing personal information like passwords or one-time passcodes (OTPs).  

To report cybercrimes within the UAE, individuals can use the official eCrimes platform via the Ministry of Interior’s app or contact local police departments.  

 

High-Value Business & Investment Landscape for Americans

 

The UAE has the third-largest economy in the Middle East and is actively diversifying away from its historical reliance on oil and gas. Its high-income economy, strategic location, and pro-business policies make it highly attractive to U.S. investors.  

• Real Estate: The Dubai property market is a major draw for international investors. A key incentive is the ability to obtain a 5-year Golden Visa with a real estate investment of at least AED 2 million (approximately $545,000). This sector is highly competitive, with keywords related to “invest in Dubai property” and “buy apartment Dubai” commanding high advertising costs, with an average cost-per-click (CPC) of around 19 AED.  
• Financial Services & Fintech: As a leading financial hub, the UAE presents significant opportunities in banking, asset management, and financial technology. The average CPC for financial services keywords is approximately 25 AED, with terms like “personal loan in Dubai” generating thousands of monthly searches. The UAE has also become a pioneer in the digital asset space, offering crypto licenses and fostering a supportive environment for blockchain-based services.  
• Business Setup & Golden Visa: The UAE’s Golden Visa program is a powerful incentive for entrepreneurs and investors. It offers a 5- or 10-year renewable residency and is available to a broad range of professionals, including investors, academics, creatives, and top students. This creates a high-intent search market for keywords like “company formation Dubai” and “UAE Golden Visa for US investors.” The process is generally faster and less bureaucratic than comparable U.S. programs.  
• Other Key Sectors: Opportunities also abound in tourism and hospitality, healthcare, and renewable energy, all of which are priority sectors in the UAE’s long-term economic vision.  

 

Country Code +972: Your Comprehensive Guide to Israel & Palestine

 

The +972 country code is officially assigned to Israel by the ITU. However, it is also widely used for telecommunications with and within the Palestinian territories, sometimes interchangeably with the +970 code designated for Palestine. This section focuses on Israel, while the  

+970 section will provide details specific to Palestine.

 

Calling Israel from the USA

 

To place a call to Israel from the United States, use the following format:

1. Dial 011 (the U.S. exit code).
2. Dial 972 (the country code for Israel).
3. Dial the 1-digit area code (e.g., 2 for Jerusalem, 3 for Tel Aviv).
4. Dial the 7-digit local number.  

A call to Jerusalem would be formatted as: 011 + 972 + 2 + XXX XXXX. With a 7-hour time difference from the U.S. East Coast, business calls should be planned for the morning in the U.S. to align with the afternoon in Israel.  

 

Travel & Visa Requirements for US Citizens

 

As of 2025, Israel has implemented a new entry system for tourists from visa-exempt countries, including the United States.

• Electronic Travel Authorization (ETA-IL): U.S. citizens must apply for an ETA-IL online before traveling to Israel for tourist stays of up to 90 days. This authorization is typically valid for up to two years.  
• Entry Procedure: Upon arrival, Israeli authorities no longer stamp passports. Instead, they issue a separate entry permit card that should be kept with your passport during your stay.  

 

Scam Alert: The 972 Dallas vs. +972 Israel Confusion

 

This numerical overlap is a significant source of scams targeting Americans. It is critical to distinguish between the Dallas, TX area code 972 and the international country code +972.

• Dallas-Based Scams (972 Area Code): There are well-documented reports of scams originating from the Dallas area. These include callers impersonating the Dallas County Sheriff’s Department, claiming the victim has an active warrant and demanding immediate payment via pre-paid debit cards to avoid arrest. Other scams involve aggressive debt collectors making threats over the phone.  
• International “Call Back” Scams (+972 Country Code): While less specific in the research, Israel is part of a global “wangiri” or “one-ring” scam phenomenon. Automated systems place brief calls from international numbers, hoping the recipient’s curiosity will lead them to call back an expensive premium-rate line.  

Any unsolicited call from a 972 number should be treated with extreme suspicion. Verify any claims independently by contacting the relevant organization through an official, publicly listed number.

 

High-Value Business & Investment Landscape for Americans

 

Known as “Silicon Wadi,” Israel boasts a highly advanced, high-income economy and is a global leader in technology and innovation. It has the second-largest number of startup companies in the world after the United States, making it a prime destination for U.S. investment.  

• Technology and Venture Capital: This is Israel’s flagship investment sector. U.S. tech giants like Intel, Microsoft, and Apple have established their first overseas R&D facilities in Israel. The market for keywords such as “invest in Israeli tech startups” and “Israel venture capital funds” is highly competitive. Prominent U.S. and international VC firms, including Blumberg Capital and Canaan, are actively investing in the country.  
• Franchise and Business Opportunities: There are numerous opportunities for U.S. brands to expand into the Israeli market. Sectors with available franchise opportunities include food and beverage (Smoothie Factory), home services (Ace Handyman Services), automotive care (AAMCO), and real estate. This creates a strong search market for keywords like “US franchises in Israel” and “start a business in Israel.”  
• Travel and Tourism: Israel is a major destination for religious and historical tourism, attracting millions of visitors. This creates a massive, high-value market for search terms like “Israel tours for US citizens,” “Christian tours of Israel,” and “Jerusalem travel packages”. The complex political landscape also drives significant search interest, with keywords like “Israel Palestine news” being frequently searched.  

 

Country Code +973: Your Comprehensive Guide to Bahrain

 

The Kingdom of Bahrain is an archipelago in the Persian Gulf, known for its history as a trade hub, its modern banking sector, and as the host of the Formula One Bahrain Grand Prix.

 

Calling Bahrain from the USA

 

To call Bahrain from the United States, use the following sequence:

1. Dial 011 (the U.S. exit code).
2. Dial 973 (the country code for Bahrain).
3. Dial the 8-digit phone number.  

The format is: 011 + 973 + XXXX XXXX. A call placed at 9:00 AM EST would be received at 4:00 PM in Manama, which falls within standard business hours.  

 

Travel & Visa Requirements for US Citizens

 

A visa is required for U.S. citizens to enter Bahrain for tourism.

• Visa Options: Travelers can obtain a two-week tourist visa upon arrival at the airport or apply for an eVisa in advance through the official Bahrain eVisa website. For those planning frequent travel, a ten-year multiple-entry visa can be requested when applying through a Bahraini embassy.  
• Entry Requirements: A passport with at least six months of validity beyond the intended stay is mandatory.  

 

Scam Alert: Protecting Yourself from +973 Scams

 

While less documented in the provided materials compared to other codes, scams originating from Bahrain exist. Caller identification apps like Truecaller explicitly identify +973 as Bahrain, and users have reported receiving fraudulent calls from this code. These are likely part of broader international phishing and impersonation schemes.  

• Reporting Channels: Suspicious activity should be reported to U.S. federal agencies. For issues arising within Bahrain, one can contact the U.S. Embassy in Manama or local financial institutions that have dedicated fraud reporting lines, such as Gulf International Bank (GIB). International scams can also be reported to  

  econsumer.gov.  

 

High-Value Business & Investment Landscape for Americans

 

Bahrain is recognized for having the most diversified economy in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), with a strong focus on creating an investor-friendly environment. Key advantages include 100% foreign ownership in most sectors and relatively low operational costs.  

• Financial Services and Fintech: Bahrain has established itself as a major regional financial hub. It actively encourages investment in financial technology through initiatives like fintech “sandboxes” that allow companies to test new products in a controlled regulatory environment. High-potential niches for investors include blockchain payment solutions, mobile wallets, digital banking platforms, and Islamic finance. Globally, keywords in the finance sector command a high CPC, often ranging from $10 to $60 per click.  
• Information and Communication Technology (ICT): The establishment of an Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud region in Bahrain has solidified its position as a regional tech hub. This creates significant opportunities for U.S. investors in areas like AI-driven software development, cloud storage solutions, data center operations, and e-commerce platforms.  
• Tourism and Real Estate: Bahrain is leveraging its rich history, UNESCO World Heritage sites, and the international appeal of the Formula One Grand Prix to boost its tourism sector. The national tourism strategy aims to triple visitor numbers, creating investment opportunities in luxury hotels, boutique resorts, cultural heritage tours, and eco-tourism ventures.  

 

Country Code +974: Your Comprehensive Guide to Qatar

 

The State of Qatar is a peninsula in the Persian Gulf, renowned for its vast natural gas reserves, high GDP per capita, and its role as a major hub for international travel and sports, including hosting the 2022 FIFA World Cup.

 

Calling Qatar from the USA

 

To call Qatar from the United States, follow this procedure:

1. Dial 011 (the U.S. exit code).
2. Dial 974 (the country code for Qatar).
3. Dial the 8-digit phone number (landlines often start with 44).  

A complete call would be formatted as: 011 + 974 + XXXX XXXX. A call made at 9:00 AM EST would be received at 4:00 PM in Doha, making it a suitable time for business communication.  

 

Travel & Visa Requirements for US Citizens

 

U.S. citizens do not need to apply for a visa in advance for short-term tourist visits.

• Visa on Arrival: A visa waiver is granted upon arrival in Qatar for stays of up to 90 days. This waiver is valid for 90 days from issuance and allows for single or multiple entries.  
• Entry Requirements: A passport with a minimum of three months’ validity is required, along with a confirmed return or onward ticket. There is a small entry fee of approximately $21.  

 

Scam Alert: Protecting Yourself from +974 Scams

 

Qatar’s high international profile makes it a target for various impersonation scams.

• Official Impersonation: Scammers frequently pose as officials from prominent Qatari institutions like Doha Bank, the Criminal Investigation Department (CID), or the Central Bank. They will call or email to phish for sensitive information such as Qatari ID (QID) numbers, OTPs, or bank PINs under the guise of updating records.  
• Lottery and Prize Scams: Vodafone Qatar has issued specific warnings about fraudulent messages, often sent via WhatsApp from international numbers, claiming the recipient has won a cash prize. Legitimate competitions from Vodafone are SMS-based from official short codes.  
• Advance Fee and Phishing: Scammers may ask for an advance fee to release fake lottery winnings or send phishing emails that mimic legitimate money transfer services to steal financial information.  

To report such scams within Qatar, individuals can contact the Ministry of Interior’s Criminal Investigation Department hotline at +974 66815757 or the Communications Regulatory Authority (CRA).  

 

High-Value Business & Investment Landscape for Americans

 

Qatar possesses one of the world’s highest GDP per capita rates, driven by its status as a top exporter of liquefied natural gas (LNG). The country is actively pursuing economic diversification under its National Vision 2030, creating substantial opportunities for U.S. investors.  

• Energy Sector Investment: The energy sector remains the cornerstone of Qatar’s economy and presents the most significant opportunities. The government is undertaking a massive $29 billion North Field Expansion (NFE) project to increase LNG production by 64% by 2028. Major U.S. energy companies like ConocoPhillips and ExxonMobil are already key partners in this expansion. Alongside LNG, Qatar is investing heavily in renewables, including large-scale solar farms. This creates a high-value market for keywords like “invest in Qatar LNG,” “Qatar renewable energy projects,” and “North Field Expansion partners.”  
• Infrastructure and ICT: As part of its “Smart Nation” program, Qatar has allocated over $1.5 billion to develop its ICT sector. This has attracted major U.S. tech giants, with Microsoft launching an Azure Data Center and Google inaugurating a Google Cloud region in the country. This signals a robust and growing market for U.S. companies specializing in cloud services, data management, and smart city solutions. Keywords like “Qatar infrastructure projects” and “invest in Qatar tech” are highly relevant.  
• Food Security and Agribusiness: A direct strategic outcome of the 2017-2021 Gulf Rift is Qatar’s aggressive push to enhance its food security. Importing over 90% of its food, the nation is now heavily investing in local food production, agricultural technology (AgriTech), and creating resilient supply chains. This has opened a new and urgent market for U.S. firms specializing in these areas.  

 

Country Code +975: Your Comprehensive Guide to Bhutan

 

The Kingdom of Bhutan is a landlocked country in the Eastern Himalayas, celebrated for its stunning landscapes, strong Buddhist traditions, and unique philosophy of Gross National Happiness.

 

Calling Bhutan from the USA

 

To call Bhutan from the United States, dial:

1. 011 (the U.S. exit code).
2. 975 (the country code for Bhutan).
3. The recipient’s local phone number.  

The format is: 011 + 975 + XXXXXXXX. With a 10-hour time difference from the U.S. East Coast, calls should be planned for the evening in the U.S. to reach Bhutan during its daytime hours.  

 

Travel & Visa Requirements for US Citizens

 

Travel to Bhutan for U.S. citizens is unique and highly regulated.

• Mandatory Pre-Arranged Tour: An e-visa must be obtained before traveling to Bhutan. It cannot be acquired on arrival. The visa is processed exclusively by a licensed local Bhutanese tour operator as part of a pre-paid package holiday. Independent travel is not permitted.  
• Entry Requirements: To apply, travelers must provide a scanned copy of their passport (valid for at least six months), a passport-sized photo, and full payment for the tour package. This package includes a mandatory daily Sustainable Development Fee, which contributes to the country’s conservation and social programs.  

 

Scam Alert: Protecting Yourself from +975 Scams

 

Due to Bhutan’s unique tourism model, scams are more likely to target prospective travelers than to involve random phone calls.

• Unauthorized Travel Agents: The most significant risk is from fraudulent travel agencies that impersonate licensed Bhutanese tour operators. They take advance payment for a trip and then disappear, leaving the traveler with no visa and no recourse. Always verify your tour operator through the official Department of Tourism of Bhutan website.  
• Telecom Impersonation: Bhutan Telecom has issued public alerts warning of fraudulent calls and messages that misuse its logo to promote fake rewards and giveaways, attempting to phish for banking credentials or OTPs.  
• Tourist-Focused Scams: Within the country, tourists should be wary of overcharging for goods, especially handicrafts, and transportation scams where taxi drivers may refuse to use a meter.  

 

High-Value Business & Investment Landscape for Americans

 

Bhutan’s economy is guided by its philosophy of “Gross National Happiness,” which prioritizes sustainable development, environmental conservation, and cultural preservation over pure economic growth. This creates a niche but compelling landscape for specific types of investment.  

• Luxury and Spiritual Tourism: This is Bhutan’s primary high-value industry. The “High Value, Low Impact” tourism policy ensures exclusivity and commands premium prices. The market is dominated by ultra-luxury lodges like Amankora and Six Senses, which offer bespoke experiences. Spiritual tours, focusing on meditation, monastery visits, and Buddhist teachings, are a key sub-niche attracting a dedicated clientele. Keywords like “Bhutan luxury travel,” “Amankora Bhutan price,” and “Bhutan spiritual tours” are highly valuable.  
• Sustainable and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): Bhutan is actively seeking FDI in sectors that align with its values. The government offers incentives like tax holidays and allows up to 100% foreign ownership in priority areas such as renewable energy (especially hydropower), ecotourism, organic agriculture, and IT. The development of the “Gelephu Mindfulness City,” a planned sustainable economic hub, represents a major future investment opportunity.  
• Bitcoin Mining: In a surprising and strategic move, Bhutan has begun leveraging its surplus carbon-negative hydropower to mine Bitcoin. This state-led initiative is used to fund public projects and stabilize foreign exchange reserves, presenting a unique and intriguing angle for investors in the technology and finance sectors.  

 

Country Code +976: Your Comprehensive Guide to Mongolia

 

Mongolia is a vast, landlocked country in East Asia, known for its rugged landscapes, nomadic culture, and immense mineral wealth.

 

Calling Mongolia from the USA

 

To call Mongolia from the United States, use the following format:

1. Dial 011 (the U.S. exit code).
2. Dial 976 (the country code for Mongolia).
3. Dial the 8-digit phone number.  

The full dialing sequence is: 011 + 976 + XXXXXXXX. With a 12-hour time difference from the U.S. East Coast, 9:00 PM EST corresponds to 9:00 AM the next day in Ulaanbaatar, making U.S. evenings the ideal time for business calls.  

 

Travel & Visa Requirements for US Citizens

 

U.S. citizens can travel to Mongolia for short-term visits without a visa.

• Visa-Free Travel: A visa is not required for tourist or business stays of fewer than 90 days.  
• Mandatory Registration: All foreign nationals, regardless of the duration of their stay, must register with the Immigration Agency of Mongolia within 48 hours of arrival. This can be done online by the traveler or their accommodation provider. Failure to register can result in fines upon departure.  
• Entry Requirements: A passport with at least six months of validity from the date of entry is required.  

 

Scam Alert: Protecting Yourself from +976 Scams

 

The +976 code presents a unique point of confusion for North Americans due to its historical association with domestic premium-rate services.

• Premium-Rate Number Confusion: While +976 is the international country code for Mongolia, phone numbers within the U.S. and Canada that began with a 976 exchange (e.g., XXX-976-XXXX) were historically pay-per-call lines, similar to 1-900 numbers, used for services like horoscopes or sports scores. This historical context can cause confusion, although most of these domestic premium services are no longer active.  
• “One-Ring” (Wangiri) Scam: This global scam involves robocallers dialing a number and hanging up after one ring. The goal is to pique the recipient’s curiosity, prompting them to call back. The return call is to an expensive international or premium-rate number, which generates revenue for the scammer. While not specific to Mongolia in the research, this is a relevant warning for any unfamiliar international code.  

 

High-Value Business & Investment Landscape for Americans

 

Mongolia is a resource-rich frontier market whose economy is dominated by mining but is actively seeking diversification. Its strategic location between China and Russia provides unique trade advantages.  

• Mining and Mineral Investment: This is Mongolia’s primary economic engine, accounting for over 80% of its exports. Major opportunities exist in the extraction of coal, copper, gold, and increasingly, rare earth elements (REEs). Publicly traded companies like the Mongolian Mining Corporation (MOGLF) offer a direct investment path. However, investors should be aware of risks related to inconsistent government policies and the need for a more stable business environment. Keywords like “invest in Mongolian mining” and “Mongolia rare earth elements” are central to this sector.  
• Adventure Travel and Tourism: Mongolia’s vast, unspoiled landscapes offer unique adventure travel experiences that are a niche but high-value tourism segment. Popular activities include tours of the Gobi Desert, horse riding expeditions on the steppes, and visits to Khovsgol Lake.  
• Broader Equity and FDI: Mongolia’s equity markets are gaining traction with foreign investors. Beyond mining, emerging opportunities exist in renewable energy (solar and wind), fintech, and digital infrastructure, including AI and data centers. The U.S. government supports this engagement by organizing certified trade missions to help U.S. companies explore these sectors.  

 

Country Code +977: Your Comprehensive Guide to Nepal

 

Nepal is a landlocked country in South Asia, home to eight of the world’s ten highest mountains, including Mount Everest. It is a major destination for mountaineering, trekking, and spiritual tourism.

 

Calling Nepal from the USA

 

To call Nepal from the United States, use the following dialing pattern:

1. Dial 011 (the U.S. exit code).
2. Dial 977 (the country code for Nepal).
3. Dial the 1- or 2-digit area code (e.g., 1 for Kathmandu).
4. Dial the 6- or 7-digit local phone number.  

A call to Kathmandu would be formatted as: 011 + 977 + 1 + XXXXXXX. It is important to note Nepal’s unusual time zone, which is 9 hours and 45 minutes ahead of EST. For example, 9:00 AM EST is 6:45 PM in Nepal.  

 

Travel & Visa Requirements for US Citizens

 

A visa is required for U.S. citizens to enter Nepal.

• Visa Options: Tourists can obtain a visa upon arrival at Tribhuvan International Airport in Kathmandu or apply at a Nepali embassy or consulate before traveling. However, if entering Nepal by a land border, a visa must be obtained in advance.  
• Entry Requirements: A passport with at least six months of remaining validity and at least one blank visa page is required. At land crossings, visa fees must be paid in U.S. cash with bills that are in good condition and no older than 2003.  

 

Scam Alert: Protecting Yourself from +977 Scams

 

Calls from Nepal are frequently associated with international scam operations, often as part of larger networks based in South Asia.

• General Scam Calls: The +977 country code is explicitly identified as a source of fraudulent calls, often involving impersonation of government bodies like tax or telecom departments.  
• WhatsApp Scams: There are numerous reports of scams conducted via WhatsApp from +977 numbers. These often involve attempts to obtain One-Time Passwords (OTPs) to compromise victims’ bank accounts or other sensitive online accounts.  
• Phone Number Spoofing: A classic scam tactic involves “spoofing” the caller ID to make a call appear as if it is coming from the victim’s own number but with a +977 country code. This is designed to create confusion and alarm, prompting the victim to engage with the scammer.  

 

High-Value Business & Investment Landscape for Americans

 

Following a period of political instability, Nepal is increasingly seeking foreign investment, with significant potential in its world-renowned tourism sector and emerging industries like renewable energy.  

• Trekking and Adventure Tourism: This is Nepal’s premier industry and a major source of foreign revenue. The keyword “Trekking in Nepal” has extremely high search density and competition. World-famous treks to Everest Base Camp and the Annapurna Circuit attract thousands of adventurers annually. A critical recent development for travelers is the new requirement that all foreign independent trekkers must hire a local guide, a policy change that directly impacts trip planning and costs. This high-value niche also includes mountaineering, white-water rafting, and wildlife safaris.  
• Spiritual and Wellness Tourism: Nepal is a major global center for both Hindu and Buddhist pilgrimage. This has created a distinct and high-value travel market for spiritual tours that combine visits to sacred sites like the Pashupatinath Temple, the Boudhanath Stupa, and Lumbini (the birthplace of Lord Buddha) with yoga and meditation retreats.  
• Emerging Investment Sectors: The U.S. Embassy in Nepal has explicitly highlighted opportunities for American companies in several key areas. These include hydropower, given the country’s vast river systems; solar energy projects; infrastructure development; agribusiness; and information technology.  

 

Country Code +970: Your Comprehensive Guide to Palestine

 

This section provides information on the State of Palestine. Travelers and business professionals should be aware that the security situation is complex and can change rapidly. It is strongly advised to consult the latest U.S. State Department travel advisories before making any plans. Entry into the Palestinian territories (specifically the West Bank) is controlled by Israeli authorities.  

 

Calling Palestine from the USA

 

To call Palestine from the United States, use the following format:

1. Dial 011 (the U.S. exit code).
2. Dial 970 (the country code for Palestine).
3. Dial the local phone number.  

Note that the +972 code (Israel) is also frequently used for communication with the Palestinian territories.  

 

Travel & Visa Requirements for US Citizens

 

Palestine does not control its own borders and therefore does not issue its own visas. Access for U.S. citizens is contingent on meeting Israeli entry requirements.

• Entry Procedure: To visit the West Bank, U.S. citizens must first enter Israel. This requires applying for an Israeli Electronic Travel Authorization (ETA-IL) online before travel. This authorization, if granted, permits a 90-day stay and allows travel into the West Bank.  
• Access Points: There are no direct flights to Palestine. Travelers must fly into Israel’s Ben Gurion Airport (TLV) near Tel Aviv or enter via land crossings from Jordan.  

 

Scam Alert: Protecting Yourself from +970 Scams

 

The primary confusion for Americans arises from the overlap between the +970 country code and the 970 area code for parts of Colorado.

• Colorado-Based Scams (970 Area Code): Scams reported from the 970 area code in the U.S. include fraudulent text messages (smishing) for unpaid road tolls (like E-ZPass) that contain malicious links, and callers impersonating local law enforcement, such as the Larimer County Sheriff’s office, to extort money.  
• International Scams (+970 Country Code): Reports indicate suspicious activity from +970 numbers, such as unsolicited group calls on WhatsApp from accounts registered as businesses. These are likely phishing or social engineering attempts designed to gather information or establish trust for a future scam.  

 

High-Value Business & Investment Landscape for Americans

 

The Palestinian economy is primarily service-based but is significantly affected by the ongoing political conflict and restrictions on movement and trade. Despite these challenges, specific sectors offer opportunities for engagement and investment.  

• Tourism (Historical & Religious): Tourism is a key economic driver, centered on sites of immense religious and historical importance in Bethlehem, Jerusalem, and Jericho. Tour packages, often originating from Tel Aviv or Jerusalem, cater to pilgrims and history enthusiasts, creating a high-value market for keywords like “Bethlehem tours,” “Holy Land tours,” and “Palestinian heritage trail”.  
• Tech Startups and Venture Capital: A resilient and growing tech startup ecosystem has emerged, particularly in the West Bank. This sector presents a forward-looking investment opportunity. Key players include the Ibtikar Fund, a venture capital firm focused on Palestinian startups, and Gaza Sky Geeks, a leading accelerator supported by Mercy Corps and Google. Keywords such as “invest in Palestinian startups” and “Gaza Sky Geeks” target this niche but promising market.  
• International Aid and NGOs: A significant portion of the Palestinian economy is supported by international aid and the activities of non-governmental organizations (NGOs). While not a traditional investment sector, this area drives high search interest. Keywords related to humanitarian aid and donations are valuable, with terms like “donate” commanding a high CPC (over $42) in broader contexts, indicating strong user intent.  

 

Section 3: Special & Unassigned Codes: Understanding +978 and +979

 

 

To provide a complete picture of the +97x range, it is important to address two codes that have special status.

 

+978: Unassigned Code

 

The country code +978 is currently unassigned. It was originally allocated to the Emirate of Dubai before the unification of the UAE’s telecommunications system. All services that might have used this code are now covered under the UAE’s unified country code, +971.  

 

+979: International Premium Rate Service (IPRS)

 

The country code +979 is designated for International Premium Rate Service (IPRS). For an American audience, the most direct analogy is the domestic “1-900” number system. These numbers are used for services that charge callers at a higher-than-normal rate.  

A portion of the fee for calling a +979 number is paid to the service provider, making it a revenue-generating tool. These services often include adult chat lines, psychic hotlines, competition voting lines, and other forms of paid entertainment. It is critical for consumers to understand that dialing a number beginning with  

+979 will result in significant charges on their phone bill.

 

Conclusion: Your Gateway to Informed Global Engagement

 

The international dialing prefix +97 is not a destination but a doorway to a diverse and complex region of eight nations in the Middle East and Asia. This guide has demystified the +97x country codes, providing American citizens with the essential tools for informed and safe global engagement.

The analysis reveals that a primary challenge for U.S. users is the critical confusion between international country codes and domestic area codes—a vulnerability actively exploited by phone scammers. By understanding the distinction and recognizing the tactics of fraudsters, individuals can better protect themselves from financial loss. Furthermore, the report highlights that the nature of these scams often mirrors legitimate economic and travel trends; for instance, the allure of the UAE’s Golden Visa directly fuels the market for immigration fraud.

For travelers, this report has outlined the specific visa and entry requirements for each nation, from the visa-on-arrival policies of the UAE and Qatar to the mandatory pre-arranged tour system in Bhutan. For business professionals and investors, the guide has illuminated the high-value opportunities present in each country, targeting high-cost-per-click (CPC) sectors such as UAE real estate, Israeli tech, Qatari energy, and Nepalese adventure tourism.

Ultimately, whether placing a call, planning a trip, or pursuing an investment, a nuanced understanding of this region is paramount. This report serves as a foundational resource, but users are strongly encouraged to consult the provided links to official government sources, such as the U.S. State Department and national immigration agencies, for the most current information before making any decisions.